Environmental NGOs are warning that a significant portion of the new oil and gas licences being issued through the UK's recent licensing round could lead to drilling activities in marine protected areas. According to Uplift and Oceana, about 4 in 10 of the 115 applications made under the UK's 33rd oil and gas licensing round are in marine protected areas. These areas are home to various species including seals, dolphins, seabirds, and puffins.

The concern revolves around potential impacts on ocean ecosystems, including the risk of leakages, spillages, and noise pollution caused by exploration processes such as seismic airguns. Oil and gas companies are seeking to develop in areas such as the North Norfolk Coast Special Protected Area, the Wash and North Norfolk Coast Special Area of Conservation, and the Foula Special Protected Area near Shetland.

The NGOs are highlighting the contradiction between expanding oil and gas activities and the UK's goal to protect at least 30% of habitats, both on land and in water, by 2030. This target is part of the UN Global Biodiversity Treaty supported by numerous nations.

While there is no complete ban on energy development in marine protected areas, developers are required to provide additional details on environmental impact. The UK's North Sea Transition Authority, responsible for managing licensing rounds, conducts assessments on habitat conservation and environmental impacts.

The concerns are being raised not only about the potential for large-scale disasters but also the cumulative impact of continuous lower-level pollution and disruption to wildlife due to noise pollution.

Environmental advocates are urging the UK government to carefully consider the potential risks and impacts of granting these licenses, especially in ecologically sensitive areas, as the country aims to balance its energy needs with conservation goals.